It is also believed that disorders associated with MOG are typically non-familial disorders. Nonetheless, it is apparent that the disease is linked to an abnormal immune system response to MOG protein and, thus, affects the central nervous system. The exact cause behind the occurrence of MOG Antibody Disease is not known. The risk of developing the disease is slightly higher for women as compared to men. However, the disease usually starts affecting individuals during the early- to mid-30s. MOG Antibody Disease can affect individuals of all ages. The course of the disease can be monophasic (one-time occurrence) or relapsing. In most cases, MOG Antibody Disease is linked to Optic Neuritis (inflammation of the optic nerves), Transverse Myelitis (inflammation of a portion of the spinal cord), and/or Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis (inflammatory condition that affects the brain). Due to the damage to the myelin sheath (demyelination), patients suffering from MOG Antibody Disease can experience neurological symptoms (related to the brain and the nervous system). The antibodies to MOG damage the myelin sheath, and hamper the message-transmission process along the nerve. In this condition, the antibodies – proteins that circulate in the blood stream and are a part of the body’s immune system – target the MOG which is found on the outer membrane of the ‘Myelin’ fatty protein that insulates and protects the nerve cells, and enables speedy transmission of messages from the brain to the different parts of the body.
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